Math class
The Math class is already an inbuilt feature of Java
and this class roughly contains more than 100 functions and methods. Some
interesting functions using Math class is discussed below:
Math.abs (x)
Let’s consider ‘x’ as an integer value. If you want to
have the positive value of ‘x’ in the output irrespective of the input integer’s
sign, you can use this abs function.
Math.max(x,y) and Math.min(x,y)
As the name suggests, these two functions return the
maximum and minimum values respectively.
Math.round(x)
This function accepts only floating point values and
it rounds off based on the number present after the decimal point.
Eg) 11.5 is rounded as 12 since the number after the decimal
point is equal to 5. So, if the number next to the decimal point is equal to or
greater than 5, then the input number is incremented by 1. In case the input is
11.2, the input is rounded off to 11.
Math.sqrt (x) and Math.cbrt (y)
These functions return back the square roots and cube
roots value of the input number.
Let’s implement all these functions in a single code:
class java{
public static void main(String args[]){
//Declaring positive and negative
integers
int x=121;
int y=-1331;
//abs- output is positive though the
input is positive or negative
System.out.println("The absolute
value of x is "+ Math.abs(x));
System.out.println("The absolute
value of y is "+Math.abs(x));
//Finding greatest among x and y
System.out.println("The greatest
number is "+ Math.max(x,y));
//Finding least number among x and y
System.out.println("The least
number is "+ Math.min(x,y));
//Declaring decimal number
float z=11.291129f;
float a=11.5f;
//Rounding off the value
System.out.println("The rounded
off value of z is "+ Math.round(z));
System.out.println("The rounded
off value of a is "+ Math.round(a));
//Square root of the number x
System.out.println("The square
root of the number x is " + Math.sqrt(x));
//Cube root of the number y
System.out.println("The cube root
of the number y is " + Math.cbrt(y));
}
}
Output
Math.pow(x,y)
This function returns the x raised to the power of y
result. This is also applicable for floating point values.
Math.signum(x)
This function is used to determine the sign of the
input number. When the input is a positive value, it returns +1 and when the
input is negative, the result is -1.
Math.ceil(x)
This function is somewhat similar to rounding off a
float number. Even if the number after the decimal point is 1, the input is
increased to the next number.
Eg) When ceil function is applied to the input 11.1,
the output becomes 12.
Math.copySign(x,y)
This function gives out the absolute value of the
first number along with the sign mentioned in the second number.
Eg) Consider 2 integers p=11 and q= -23
When you use the function, Math.copySign(p,q), your
output will be -11 since the absolute value of 11 is 11. But since ‘q’ is a
negative number, the negative sign will be taken and hence the output becomes
-11.
Suppose you use this function in the reverse order
like Math.copySign(q,p), your output will be 23. Since, the absolute value of
-23 is 23. Then the sign of ‘p’ is positive. Hence the output is also positive.
The syntax for Math.copySign(x, y) is Math.copySign(absolute value, sign).
The below Java code is written based on the above four
math functions.
class java{
public static void main(String args[]){
//Declaring two integers
int x=2, y=-7;
System.out.println("x^y="+ Math.pow(x,y));
//Determine the sign of input values
System.out.println("The sign of x is " + Math.signum(x));
System.out.println("The sign of y is " + Math.signum(y));
//Declaring 2 float variables
float g=11.1f, h=11.0f;
//Using ceil math function
System.out.println("the ceil of g is " + Math.ceil(g));
System.out.println("the ceil of h is " + Math.ceil(h));
//Assigning positive and negative integers
int a=11, k=-23;
//copySign example
System.out.println("The copy Sign output of a and k is "+ Math.copySign(a,k) );
System.out.println("The copy Sign output of k and a is "+ Math.copySign(k,a) );
}
}
Output
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